In 2006, the European Union adopted the Services Directive, which establishes the obligation to establish unique points of contact through which citizens and businesses receive certain services from government bodies. The Services Directive unifies the services market throughout the European Union and creates an obligation for each Member State to improve its way of providing services to citizens. Citizens are accessing services through digital identities.
Having in mind that Bosnia and Herzegovina have for more than 65% turnover with EU countries, there is a need and legal obligation for the introduction of the same standards in the field of digital services and digital identities in BiH as in the EU. Citizens and businesses in Bosnia and Herzegovina need to have same position with competitive and compatible markets in EU countries. To validate digital identities, it is possible to use ID documents in BiH. This paper described the way of validating the digital identity in BiH using ID card or passport. ID documents issued according to ICAO 9303 standards and EU regulations must have embedded chips. These documents can be used to access electronic services as well as for digital identity verification.
The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers’ expenditures.
The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers’ expenditures.
